‘The Paper aims to explore whether the current ecosystem of existing and still-to-be adopted rules on artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the European Union does fully and adequately address the liability for damages caused by Generative AI system. It maps first and primarily the distinctive features and functional characteristics of Generative AI likely to impact…

‘Algorithmic human resource management (AHRM), the automation or augmentation of human resources-related decision-making with the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled algorithms, can increase recruitment efficiency but also lead to discriminatory results and systematic disadvantages for marginalized groups in society. In this paper, we address the issue of equal treatment of workers and their fundamental rights…

‘In June 2024, the EU AI Act came into force. The AI Act includes obligations for the provider of an AI system. Article 10 of the AI Act includes a new obligation for providers to evaluate whether their training, validation and testing datasets meet certain quality criteria, including an appropriate examination of biases in the…

‘As automated technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADM), become integral to social life, there is growing concern about their ethical implications. While issues of accountability, transparency, and fairness dominate discussions on “ethical” AI, little attention has been given to how socially disadvantaged groups most impacted by ADM systems form ethical judgments about…

‘A new study from University of Chicago Law School researchers has uncovered a stark contrast between AI and human judicial decision-making, potentially reshaping our understanding of technology’s role in the legal system. The research, conducted by Eric A. Posner and Shivam Saran, replicated an experiment previously run with 31 U.S. federal judges but used OpenAI’s…

‘Revolutionizing Rights: AI and the Future of Legal Equality, a limited podcast series presented on the Thomson Reuters Institute Insights podcast channel, will provide perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal sphere. This episode will feature the insights of Hon. Judge Maritza Braswell, federal magistrate judge for the U.S. District Court…

‘This study examines the ethical and legal implications of Shadow AI in healthcare, finance, and education by analyzing unauthorized AI deployments and their impact on data privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance. Using a quantitative research approach, descriptive statistics, ordinal regression modeling, and network analysis were employed to assess AI violations using the MITRE ATLAS AI…

‘Government professionals need to work closely with archival institutions to make sure that important born-digital records are identified and preserved in the short term, before being transferred for long-term archiving and access. Knowledge and information (KIM) professionals in government and archivists face similar challenges. In the UK, government records (in digital and paper form) must…

‘Imagine someone, sitting anxiously in a waiting room at a solicitor’s office they hastily found online. They clutch a notice of eviction in their hands, confused as to how their landlord can remove them from their home of ten years. Somewhere else, a woman waits on hold with a personal injury helpline after months of…

‘Lawyers need to avoid being “so seduced” by what artificial intelligence (AI) can do “that they don’t appreciate what it cannot”, a professional negligence specialist warned last week.’ Link: https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/dont-be-too-seduced-by-ai-lawyers-warned

‘Virtue theory is a natural approach toward the design of artificially intelligent systems, given that the design of artificial intelligence essentially aims at designing agents with excellent dispositions. This has led to a lively research programme to develop artificial virtues. However, this research programme has until now had a narrow focus on moral virtues in…

‘As artificial intelligence reshapes many industries, the legal field faces its own crossroads. Over the past few years, a growing number of legal professionals have embraced AI tools to boost efficiency and reduce costs. According to recent figures, nearly 73% of legal experts now plan to incorporate AI into their daily operations. 65% of law firms agree that “effective…

‘This article is the first study to examine the impact (positive and negative) of Artificial Intelligence on the diversity of archival collections. Representing the diverse audiences they serve is a key objective for libraries and archives. For example, institutions with colonial-era archival documents are experimenting with AI to improve the discoverability of their collections and…

‘This paper uses Karen Barad’s concepts of intra-action and diffraction to argue that dominant models of understanding algorithmic radicalisation (echo chambers, filter bubbles, rabbit holes) and how it is addressed in the UK and EU, are inadequate for deep neural network systems like YouTube. These models assume users seek out bad content and get stuck…

‘Continuing the digital revolution, AI is capable to transform our world. Thanks to its novelty, we can define how we, as a society, envision this fascinating technology to integrate with existing processes. The EU AI Act follows a risk-based approach, and we argue that addressing the human influence, which poses risks along the AI lifecycle…

‘Action is needed to protect workers in creative industries amid huge changes in technology and artificial intelligence, unions have urged.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/03/uk-unions-creative-industry-workers-artificial-intelligence-ai-copyright

‘This paper provides the first comprehensive evaluation of AI foundation model licenses as drivers of innovation commons. We introduce our analysis by outlining how AI licenses regulate access privileges to the fundamental inputs of AI innovation commons. We show that AI licenses operate as a bottleneck, as their level of openness directly influences the flow…

‘The release of OpenAI’s biggest model ever exposes the tension between building artificial general intelligence and making ChatGPT into a truly useful utility.’ Link: https://www.wired.com/story/gpt-4-5-openai-first-impressions/

‘The Los Angeles Times has reportedly removed its new artificial intelligence (AI) tool from one of its articles, just a day after launching the feature.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/05/la-times-ai-tool-kkk

‘More than two decades ago, libraries raised concerns about licenses for digital works restricting fair use and other library rights as part of the US Copyright Office DMCA Section 104 study. ARL and other library associations explained how restrictive licensing terms and pay-per-use models force institutions to accept limiting conditions to provide essential resources for faculty and students, or…

‘The release of new generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including new large language models (LLMs), continues at a rapid pace. Upon the release of OpenAI’s new o1 models, I reconducted Hickman et al.’s (2024) analyses examining how well LLMs perform on a quantitative ability (number series) test. GPT-4 scored below the 20th percentile (compared to…

‘The University of Oxford has announced plans to expand its artificial intelligence (AI) offering and capabilities with OpenAI.’ Link: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about/media/oxford-and-openai-launch

‘The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into daily life raises significant challenges and uncertainties, notably concerning job security and skill relevance. This has led to the emergence of ‘AI anxiety’—a stress response to potential impacts of AI on individuals’ futures. This study examines AI anxiety’s effects on individuals’ willingness to pay for knowledge, focusing on…

‘The UK’s competition watchdog will not hold a formal investigation into Microsoft’s partnership with the startup behind the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, stating that while the $2.9tn (£2.3tn) tech company has “material influence” over OpenAI it does not control it.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/05/uk-cma-drops-competition-review-microsoft-openai-partnership

‘New legislation that will outline how the EU AI Act will be enforced in Ireland is being prepared by the Irish government, it has confirmed.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/ai-law-and-copyright-reform-part-of-irish-legislative-agenda

‘British universities have been warned to “stress-test” all assessments after new research revealed “almost all” undergraduates are using generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in their studies.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/feb/26/uk-universities-warned-to-stress-test-assessments-as-92-of-students-use-ai

‘OpenAI has just released GPT-4.5, a new version of its flagship large language model. The company claims it is its biggest and best model for all-round chat yet. “It’s really a step forward for us,” says Mia Glaese, a research scientist at OpenAI.’ Link: https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/02/27/1112619/openai-just-released-gpt-4-5-and-says-it-is-its-biggest-and-best-chat-model-yet/

‘This article argues for a statutory right to explanation in automated credit decision-making in the UK, as transparency and accountability are central to the rule of law. First, from a moral standpoint, we demonstrate that there is a double level of distrust in financial services and algorithms. Algorithms are unpredictable and can make unreliable decisions.…

‘The real-world negative impacts of artificial intelligence will only get worse if the UK does not move to regulate the technology in a way that centres on accountability, trust and public participation, says Lord Holme.’ Link: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366619674/Lords-Holmes-warns-of-increasingly-urgent-need-to-regulate-AI

‘This article reports the results of a study examining the ability of legal and non-legal Large Language Models to perform legal analysis using the Issue-Rule-Application-Conclusion framework. LLMs were tested on legal reasoning tasks involving rule analysis and analogical reasoning. The results show that LLMs can conduct basic IRAC analysis, but are limited by brief responses…

‘Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly complex and, through rapid technological development, increasingly remote. This calls into question the capacity of a machine to apply human emotional traits such as empathy and caution, crucial for effective judgement and evaluation in challenging situations. Despite the precision and reliability that might be achieved through the increased automation of military activities such…

‘The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has substantially increased individuals’ productivity. In this study, we adopt a difference-in-differences approach to analyze a large dataset of research preprints to systematically examine whether the advent of generative AI has distinct effects on the productivity of male and female academic researchers. We find…

‘Not that long ago, the term “deepfake” wasn’t in most people’s vocabularies. Now, it is not only commonplace, but is also the focus of intense legal scrutiny around the world.’ Link: https://theconversation.com/deepfakes-can-ruin-lives-and-livelihoods-would-owning-the-rights-to-our-own-faces-and-voices-help-249929

‘AI tools could be reaching the stage where they could be used as a cross-check for lawyers working on a legal issue, a new report has concluded.’ Link: https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/ai-getting-more-accurate-but-lawyers-still-needed-finds-new-report/5122419.article

‘The recent proliferation of artificial intelligence in the form of Large Language Models (‘LLMs’) has amplified conversations about the social and political risks of such technology. While the threats of existing AI capabilities are daunting, experts believe that in the not-too-distant future, advanced AI (or Artificial General Intelligence, ‘AGI’) could pose an existential risk.’ Link: https://opiniojuris.org/2025/02/13/enforcing-an-ai-moratorium-lessons-from-the-icc/

‘Earlier this month the Southern California Association of Law Libraries – 2025 SCALL Institute held an ‘AI Smackdown’ – comparing vLex, Westlaw, and LexisNexis solutions.’ Link: https://www.artificiallawyer.com/2025/02/13/vlex-does-well-at-ai-smackdown-ed-walters-interview/

‘New tools are signalling a shift in the way lawyers will use AI, one that may bring some of the benefits people have been hoping for.’ Link: https://www.nationalmagazine.ca/en-ca/articles/law/opinion/2025/is-a-legal-ai-breakthrough-in-sight

‘Hill Dickinson has restricted general access to several AI tools after an upsurge in usage by its lawyers and staff.’ Link: https://www.legalcheek.com/2025/02/hill-dickinson-restricts-ai-tool-access-after-significant-usage-surge/

‘The vision of the Paris AI Action Summit is for an inclusive and sustainable AI. But the current AI champions based in the USA are pushing towards an acceleration of their global dominance. Rachel Coldicutt sees the UK’s AI Action Plan as siding with the latter vision, but argues the UK has more to gain from the Parisian…

‘Four major artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are inaccurately summarising news stories, according to research carried out by the BBC.’ Link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0m17d8827ko

‘New Study from Stanford Law School and the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI Takes Novel Approach to Identifying and Mitigating Racial Bias in Artificial Intelligence.’ Link: https://law.stanford.edu/press/bias-in-large-language-models-and-who-should-be-held-accountable/

‘On Tuesday, a Delaware federal district court granted partial summary judgment to Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH (“Thomson Reuters”) in its copyright litigation against ROSS Intelligence (“ROSS”). The lawsuit, which was filed by Thomson Reuters in 2020, alleges that ROSS utilized copyrighted content from Thomson Reuters’ Westlaw database in order to create its artificial intelligence (“AI”)…

‘Rather than understanding DeepSeek’s R1 as a watershed moment, leaders should think of it as a signal of where the AI landscape is right now — and a harbinger of what’s to come. They should consider five lessons: 1) we’re moving from models that recognize patterns to those that can reason, 2) the economics of AI…

‘Is AI contributing to solving the climate crisis or to making it worse? Either way, the increase in AI applications goes hand in hand with the need for additional data centers, for which energy resources are currently lacking.’ Link: https://algorithmwatch.org/en/explainer-ai-energy-consumption/

‘This paper explores the impacts of machine learning (ML), as one form of artificial intelligence, on legal work by examining three questions. First, it considers trajectories and how ML is being used in legal work. Actually existing use cases are examined to reveal how ML is changing legal work. Second, it considers questions about the barriers that…

‘The concurrent increase in states’ cyber-capabilities and in the potential (mis)uses of artificial intelligence (AI) to further harmful state objectives raise the question: is ICL prepared to grapple with AI-powered cyberattacks conducted by and against states? Or does AI’s conduct run the risk of falling into a legal loophole, shielding from liability the human actors…

‘We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI–based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the…

‘Standards complement regulation as frameworks for Artificial Intelligence governance. Within the European Union, this complementarity is laid down as the New Legislative Framework. Standards can be harmonised to provide a presumption of conformity with regulation. They draw legitimacy from the inclusion of all relevant stakeholders as well as the consensus principle although there are limitations…

‘Large Language Models (LLMs) could facilitate both more efficient administrative decision-making on the one hand, and better access to legal explanations and remedies to individuals concerned by administrative decisions on the other hand. However, it is an open research question of how performant such domain-specific models could be. Furthermore, they pose legal challenges, touching especially…

‘How can AI tools be used to address the access to justice gap—the 90% of low-income Americans that lack adequate legal assistance? We conducted the first field study of lawyers using generative AI of which we are aware and a companion survey of 202 legal aid professionals to find out. A cohort of ninety-one people…