‘As artificial intelligence reshapes many industries, the legal field faces its own crossroads. Over the past few years, a growing number of legal professionals have embraced AI tools to boost efficiency and reduce costs. According to recent figures, nearly 73% of legal experts now plan to incorporate AI into their daily operations. 65% of law firms agree that “effective…

‘This article is the first study to examine the impact (positive and negative) of Artificial Intelligence on the diversity of archival collections. Representing the diverse audiences they serve is a key objective for libraries and archives. For example, institutions with colonial-era archival documents are experimenting with AI to improve the discoverability of their collections and…

‘This paper uses Karen Barad’s concepts of intra-action and diffraction to argue that dominant models of understanding algorithmic radicalisation (echo chambers, filter bubbles, rabbit holes) and how it is addressed in the UK and EU, are inadequate for deep neural network systems like YouTube. These models assume users seek out bad content and get stuck…

‘Continuing the digital revolution, AI is capable to transform our world. Thanks to its novelty, we can define how we, as a society, envision this fascinating technology to integrate with existing processes. The EU AI Act follows a risk-based approach, and we argue that addressing the human influence, which poses risks along the AI lifecycle…

‘Action is needed to protect workers in creative industries amid huge changes in technology and artificial intelligence, unions have urged.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/03/uk-unions-creative-industry-workers-artificial-intelligence-ai-copyright

‘This paper provides the first comprehensive evaluation of AI foundation model licenses as drivers of innovation commons. We introduce our analysis by outlining how AI licenses regulate access privileges to the fundamental inputs of AI innovation commons. We show that AI licenses operate as a bottleneck, as their level of openness directly influences the flow…

‘The release of OpenAI’s biggest model ever exposes the tension between building artificial general intelligence and making ChatGPT into a truly useful utility.’ Link: https://www.wired.com/story/gpt-4-5-openai-first-impressions/

‘The Los Angeles Times has reportedly removed its new artificial intelligence (AI) tool from one of its articles, just a day after launching the feature.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/05/la-times-ai-tool-kkk

‘More than two decades ago, libraries raised concerns about licenses for digital works restricting fair use and other library rights as part of the US Copyright Office DMCA Section 104 study. ARL and other library associations explained how restrictive licensing terms and pay-per-use models force institutions to accept limiting conditions to provide essential resources for faculty and students, or…

‘The release of new generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including new large language models (LLMs), continues at a rapid pace. Upon the release of OpenAI’s new o1 models, I reconducted Hickman et al.’s (2024) analyses examining how well LLMs perform on a quantitative ability (number series) test. GPT-4 scored below the 20th percentile (compared to…

‘The University of Oxford has announced plans to expand its artificial intelligence (AI) offering and capabilities with OpenAI.’ Link: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about/media/oxford-and-openai-launch

‘The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into daily life raises significant challenges and uncertainties, notably concerning job security and skill relevance. This has led to the emergence of ‘AI anxiety’—a stress response to potential impacts of AI on individuals’ futures. This study examines AI anxiety’s effects on individuals’ willingness to pay for knowledge, focusing on…

‘The UK’s competition watchdog will not hold a formal investigation into Microsoft’s partnership with the startup behind the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, stating that while the $2.9tn (£2.3tn) tech company has “material influence” over OpenAI it does not control it.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/05/uk-cma-drops-competition-review-microsoft-openai-partnership

‘New legislation that will outline how the EU AI Act will be enforced in Ireland is being prepared by the Irish government, it has confirmed.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/ai-law-and-copyright-reform-part-of-irish-legislative-agenda

‘British universities have been warned to “stress-test” all assessments after new research revealed “almost all” undergraduates are using generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in their studies.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/feb/26/uk-universities-warned-to-stress-test-assessments-as-92-of-students-use-ai

‘OpenAI has just released GPT-4.5, a new version of its flagship large language model. The company claims it is its biggest and best model for all-round chat yet. “It’s really a step forward for us,” says Mia Glaese, a research scientist at OpenAI.’ Link: https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/02/27/1112619/openai-just-released-gpt-4-5-and-says-it-is-its-biggest-and-best-chat-model-yet/

‘This article argues for a statutory right to explanation in automated credit decision-making in the UK, as transparency and accountability are central to the rule of law. First, from a moral standpoint, we demonstrate that there is a double level of distrust in financial services and algorithms. Algorithms are unpredictable and can make unreliable decisions.…

‘The real-world negative impacts of artificial intelligence will only get worse if the UK does not move to regulate the technology in a way that centres on accountability, trust and public participation, says Lord Holme.’ Link: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366619674/Lords-Holmes-warns-of-increasingly-urgent-need-to-regulate-AI

‘This article reports the results of a study examining the ability of legal and non-legal Large Language Models to perform legal analysis using the Issue-Rule-Application-Conclusion framework. LLMs were tested on legal reasoning tasks involving rule analysis and analogical reasoning. The results show that LLMs can conduct basic IRAC analysis, but are limited by brief responses…

‘Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly complex and, through rapid technological development, increasingly remote. This calls into question the capacity of a machine to apply human emotional traits such as empathy and caution, crucial for effective judgement and evaluation in challenging situations. Despite the precision and reliability that might be achieved through the increased automation of military activities such…

‘The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has substantially increased individuals’ productivity. In this study, we adopt a difference-in-differences approach to analyze a large dataset of research preprints to systematically examine whether the advent of generative AI has distinct effects on the productivity of male and female academic researchers. We find…

‘Not that long ago, the term “deepfake” wasn’t in most people’s vocabularies. Now, it is not only commonplace, but is also the focus of intense legal scrutiny around the world.’ Link: https://theconversation.com/deepfakes-can-ruin-lives-and-livelihoods-would-owning-the-rights-to-our-own-faces-and-voices-help-249929

‘AI tools could be reaching the stage where they could be used as a cross-check for lawyers working on a legal issue, a new report has concluded.’ Link: https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/ai-getting-more-accurate-but-lawyers-still-needed-finds-new-report/5122419.article

‘The recent proliferation of artificial intelligence in the form of Large Language Models (‘LLMs’) has amplified conversations about the social and political risks of such technology. While the threats of existing AI capabilities are daunting, experts believe that in the not-too-distant future, advanced AI (or Artificial General Intelligence, ‘AGI’) could pose an existential risk.’ Link: https://opiniojuris.org/2025/02/13/enforcing-an-ai-moratorium-lessons-from-the-icc/

‘Earlier this month the Southern California Association of Law Libraries – 2025 SCALL Institute held an ‘AI Smackdown’ – comparing vLex, Westlaw, and LexisNexis solutions.’ Link: https://www.artificiallawyer.com/2025/02/13/vlex-does-well-at-ai-smackdown-ed-walters-interview/

‘New tools are signalling a shift in the way lawyers will use AI, one that may bring some of the benefits people have been hoping for.’ Link: https://www.nationalmagazine.ca/en-ca/articles/law/opinion/2025/is-a-legal-ai-breakthrough-in-sight

‘Hill Dickinson has restricted general access to several AI tools after an upsurge in usage by its lawyers and staff.’ Link: https://www.legalcheek.com/2025/02/hill-dickinson-restricts-ai-tool-access-after-significant-usage-surge/

‘The vision of the Paris AI Action Summit is for an inclusive and sustainable AI. But the current AI champions based in the USA are pushing towards an acceleration of their global dominance. Rachel Coldicutt sees the UK’s AI Action Plan as siding with the latter vision, but argues the UK has more to gain from the Parisian…

‘Four major artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are inaccurately summarising news stories, according to research carried out by the BBC.’ Link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0m17d8827ko

‘New Study from Stanford Law School and the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI Takes Novel Approach to Identifying and Mitigating Racial Bias in Artificial Intelligence.’ Link: https://law.stanford.edu/press/bias-in-large-language-models-and-who-should-be-held-accountable/

‘On Tuesday, a Delaware federal district court granted partial summary judgment to Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH (“Thomson Reuters”) in its copyright litigation against ROSS Intelligence (“ROSS”). The lawsuit, which was filed by Thomson Reuters in 2020, alleges that ROSS utilized copyrighted content from Thomson Reuters’ Westlaw database in order to create its artificial intelligence (“AI”)…

‘Rather than understanding DeepSeek’s R1 as a watershed moment, leaders should think of it as a signal of where the AI landscape is right now — and a harbinger of what’s to come. They should consider five lessons: 1) we’re moving from models that recognize patterns to those that can reason, 2) the economics of AI…

‘Is AI contributing to solving the climate crisis or to making it worse? Either way, the increase in AI applications goes hand in hand with the need for additional data centers, for which energy resources are currently lacking.’ Link: https://algorithmwatch.org/en/explainer-ai-energy-consumption/

‘This paper explores the impacts of machine learning (ML), as one form of artificial intelligence, on legal work by examining three questions. First, it considers trajectories and how ML is being used in legal work. Actually existing use cases are examined to reveal how ML is changing legal work. Second, it considers questions about the barriers that…

‘The concurrent increase in states’ cyber-capabilities and in the potential (mis)uses of artificial intelligence (AI) to further harmful state objectives raise the question: is ICL prepared to grapple with AI-powered cyberattacks conducted by and against states? Or does AI’s conduct run the risk of falling into a legal loophole, shielding from liability the human actors…

‘We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI–based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the…

‘Standards complement regulation as frameworks for Artificial Intelligence governance. Within the European Union, this complementarity is laid down as the New Legislative Framework. Standards can be harmonised to provide a presumption of conformity with regulation. They draw legitimacy from the inclusion of all relevant stakeholders as well as the consensus principle although there are limitations…

‘Large Language Models (LLMs) could facilitate both more efficient administrative decision-making on the one hand, and better access to legal explanations and remedies to individuals concerned by administrative decisions on the other hand. However, it is an open research question of how performant such domain-specific models could be. Furthermore, they pose legal challenges, touching especially…

‘How can AI tools be used to address the access to justice gap—the 90% of low-income Americans that lack adequate legal assistance? We conducted the first field study of lawyers using generative AI of which we are aware and a companion survey of 202 legal aid professionals to find out. A cohort of ninety-one people…

‘Writing on PHerc. 172 papyrus, found at Roman mansion in Herculaneum, revealed after 3D X-rays and software competition.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/feb/05/ai-helps-researchers-read-ancient-scroll-burned-to-a-crisp-in-vesuvius-eruption

‘Formalized literature reviews are crucial in human–computer interaction (HCI) because they synthesize research and identify unsolved problems. However, current practices lack transparency when reporting details of a literature search. This restricts replicability. This paper introduces the INSPIRE framework for HCI research. It focuses on the search stage in literature reviews to support a search that…

‘The regulation of novel technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic in global affairs, even previously addressed in this publication. Although widespread discourse about AI outside of computer science is a relatively new phenomenon, several countries have already developed rules for the technology’s use, ranging from general non-binding guidelines to legal doctrine. With some arguing that the potential harms of unregulated AI transcend national boundaries, there have also been efforts to expand binding regulation beyond the individual…

‘In his latest speech urging the profession to learn about – and utilise – so-called generative AI, Sir Geoffrey Vos called for the building of bridges between AI enthusiasts and AI sceptics. In the latter category, he placed people who cite incidents such as the widely reported use of fictitious case references by a New…

‘Driven by social and technological change and the imperative to enhance efficiency, police have in recent years adopted various technologies to transform their interactions with the public. In the UK, these initiatives often fall under ‘transformation’ agendas, promoting ‘channel choice’ strategies to facilitate public interactions through various technologically mediated platforms, such as reporting crimes online…

‘Chatbots we tested can write a mean sonnet and struggled with images of clocks, but vary in willingness to talk politics.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/feb/01/deepseek-chatgpt-grok-gemini-claude-meta-ai-which-is-the-best-ai-assistant-we-put-them-to-the-test

‘The signing of the first international AI treaty by the United States, European Union, and other nations marks a pivotal step in establishing a global framework for AI governance, ensuring that AI systems respect human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. This article advances the concepts of justice, equity, and the rule of law…

‘The advent of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a significant shift in the way works are created, with the blurring of boundaries between human and machine-driven creation processes becoming a prominent challenge. This leads to the question of whether authorship in such works exists and, if so, whom it should be attributed to.’…

‘It has often been argued that we face a trade-off between accuracy and opacity in deep learning models. The idea is that we can only harness the accuracy of deep learning models by simultaneously accepting that the grounds for the models’ decision-making are epistemically opaque to us. In this paper, we ask the following question:…

‘The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability to detect emotions from human facial expressions via facial recognition technologies and analyze the effectiveness of deep learning models in this process.’ Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-025-07375-0

‘This Article comprises three parts. In Part I, after demonstrating that creativity is a social process, I explore the ethical principles of originality, attribution, and authenticity of creative activities. In Part II, I scrutinize the opacity of AI systems in the collection, utilization, and generation of works, highlighting the need for a greater focus on…