‘The aim of this article is to provide an overview and analyze the implications of the provisions on dataset quality and bias in the AI Act (AIA). The AIA requires providers of AI systems to take measures to identify, prevent, and mitigate biases as part of the data governance practices. The AIA also explicitly prescribes…

‘The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) requires institutions that deploy high-risk AI systems to ensure that they are overseen by individuals with the necessary competence, training, authority, and support. Judicial institutions may look to judges who use the high-risk decision support systems they deploy to perform this oversight role. These judges are…

‘Google AI overviews are having a “major detrimental impact” on the efforts of legal advice agencies to get good information out to consumers, MPs were told this week.’ Link: https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/legal-advice-agencies-hit-hard-by-google-ai-overviews

‘Does the statutory restriction on patenting a program for a “program for a computer…as such” apply to artificial neural networks (“ANNs”)? If so, does it prevent the Appellant’s application from being patented?’ Link: https://supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2024-0131

‘The reference to case law came about in the following way. Ms Matthews produced a skeleton argument ahead of the hearing, which at first blush presents a reasonable understanding of the law of adverse possession. However, on closer inspection, it does betray some errors. Counsel for the First Respondent suggested it had been generated using…

‘It rarely takes long before new media technologies are turned to the task of creating pornography. This was true of the printing press, photography, and the earliest days of the internet. It’s also true of generative artificial intelligence (AI).’ Link: https://theconversation.com/non-consensual-ai-porn-doesnt-violate-privacy-but-its-still-wrong-275095

‘A new study examining bias in AI-generated video reveals that the leading AI video creation tools significantly underrepresent women in the legal profession, depicting female lawyers at rates far below their actual numbers in the workforce.’ Link: https://www.lawnext.com/2026/01/ai-video-tools-depict-lawyers-and-judges-as-women-at-far-lower-rates-than-real-life-new-study-finds.html

‘Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has accelerated the production of scholarly text, images, and analytic outputs, while simultaneously destabilising long-standing cues used to infer human authorship and scholarly accountability. As a result, manuscripts increasingly arrive with unclear boundaries between human contribution, tool-assisted editing, and tool-generated content, and these distinctions are rarely made explicit. This creates a…

‘I sometimes wonder whether readers are growing weary of discussions about AI hallucinations in legal work. As of today, we have close to 900 reported cases worldwide and today I will be discussing three more. In the UK alone there are now 37 recorded incidents (with some more to write up shortly). I remain concerned…

‘What happens when AI becomes a dialogic partner in feedback rather than a replacement for human judgment?’ Link: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6XAERG8bf1qIMI1vVinAZZ?si=lH9CGqVXTr-hwxUj6meEtw

‘As technology advances at pace, Lord Reed tells Legal Cheek that the profession has a greater duty than ever to uphold trust in the legal system.’ Link: https://www.legalcheek.com/2026/02/supreme-court-president-raises-alarm-over-ai-deciding-legal-cases/

‘Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionising our relationship with cultural heritage, enhancing access to, engagement with and preservation of collections and heritage sites. AI is also being used as a valuable research tool in the context of heritage collections. However, as materials protected by copyright may be used in AI development, training and use, copyright law…

‘There are more than 13 million manuscripts held and maintained by UVA’s Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library (along with hundreds of thousands of maps, rare books, photographs, broadsides, and more) but the majority of those documents have not been digitized or transcribed. This is typical in the world of special collections libraries; the National…

‘Beyond the hype, generative AI is reshaping Wikipedia. The data tells the story: 2025 saw an 8% drop in human traffic alongside a 50% surge in bot activity. AI isn’t merely consuming or reading Wikipedia content—it’s replacing the online encyclopedia as an interface to knowledge. How these trends will develop remains unclear, but Wikipedia faces…

‘Expectations over the use of AI to support litigation could evolve to the point that failing to deploy AI in document review and disclosure processes – or doing so in a sub-standard manner – could spur satellite claims against professionals, an expert has said.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/use-ai-litigation-itself-become-contentious

‘Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a central force reshaping economies, creative industries, and governance systems. Its capacity for speed and efficiency promises organisations formidable competitive advantages. Yet these same qualities expose them to profound risks – ethical, strategic, and existential. As firms race to embed AI into every layer of decision-making, they also risk building…

‘The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into societal domains particularly the legal and criminal justice decision-making demands scrutinity of potential biases in outputs. AI tools assist predictive policing, risk assessment, sentencing recommendations and legal research. This requires ah examination of potential sources of bias in AI systems’ responses and recommendations. This study investigates…

‘These guidelines were created as a result of the ARA funded project: FLAME (AI For Libraries, Archives and Museums). The FLAME project was carried out by Professor Giovanni Colavizza of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Bologna and Professor Lise Jaillant from Loughborough University in the UK. It addresses the particular issue of…

‘He immediately admitted what he had done and that the references were phantoms created by AI. He promised not to use AI to generate submissions in future and to check his references personally. It was not possible to refer him to a regulator because, although he qualified as a solicitor, he was struck off the…

‘Legal experts have highlighted the challenges businesses face in allocating liability for harms that might arise from use of AI, but their paper also gives useful examples that could guide their – and judges’ – understanding of how existing English law might apply, according to technology law specialists.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/liabilities-arising-use-of-ai-explored-uk-experts

‘Do you want an AI assistant that gushes about how it “loves humanity” or one that spews sarcasm? How about a political propagandist ready to lie? If so, ChatGPT, Grok and Qwen are at your disposal.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/feb/03/gemini-grok-chatgpt-claude-qwen-ai-chatbots-identity-crisis

‘This report draws together key findings from six work packages that form this research (this constitutes a summary of work package seven, which aims to support knowledge transfer) to answer the core research questions. We recognise that much has changed (and continues to change) in AI since this research was commissioned. This report therefore focuses on the…

‘A Dutch couple had their marriage annulled after the person officiating used a ChatGPT-generated speech that was intended to be playful but failed to meet legal requirements, according to a court ruling published this week.’ Link: https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/dutch-couples-marriage-annulled-due-chatgpt-speech-2026-01-09/

‘Artificial intelligence is beginning to shape the criminal justice system, but scholars have largely overlooked its impact on prosecutors—the system’s most powerful actors. This gap is significant because large language models are particularly well-suited to legal work, where analysis and writing are central. Companies now market AI tools that prepare “a first draft of potential…

‘When asked directly if he had used artificial intelligence (AI) in compiling his legal submissions, Mr Folarin said that he had. He said he had used Westlaw and a paid subscription to a legal portal on ChatGPT in doing so. Upon further questioning, he explained that when making a point in his submissions he had…

‘Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming legal education and challenging long-standing traditions in the teaching and study of law, as well as how those studies are assessed. Yet there is not sufficient empirical evidence on how law students, specifically, approach GenAI in their learning and assessment preparation. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates the…

‘Hyperion​ is the name that Meta has chosen for a huge AI data centre it is building in Louisiana. In July, a striking image circulated on social media of Hyperion’s footprint superimposed on an aerial view of Manhattan. It covered a huge expanse of the island, from the East River to the Hudson, from Soho to the…

‘The UK Jurisdiction Taskforce has coordinated the preparation of an authoritative Legal Statement on Liability for non-deliberate AI harms under English private law. The overarching question that it seeks to address is in what circumstances, and on what legal bases, English common law will impose liability for loss that results from the use of AI.’…

‘Evidence recorded on personal digital devices, or “user-generated evidence” (UGE), has profoundly shaped our ways of knowing about international crimes. UGE can be expected to play an important role in future cases before the International Criminal Court (ICC), yet few trials to date have relied extensively on UGE.. This research provides important insights into how…

‘Libraries and other collecting institutions are becoming increasingly intertwined with Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI offers opportunities to enhance cataloguing through natural language processing for better discovery and to improve accessibility via tools such as speech-to-text and visual recognition. However, relying on Generative AI (GenAI) and the large language models behind it as sole sources of…

‘The judiciary is familiar with addressing bias but GenAI presents new challenges. Sophie Mitchell examines how, why and when gender bias might present itself in judicial use of AI tools and calls for urgent debate.’ Link: https://www.counselmagazine.co.uk/articles/judicial-use-of-ai-risk-of-gender-bias

‘I have increasingly encountered litigants in person in Court of Protection proceedings who appear to be using AI tools such as ChatGPT to assist them with their cases. This often presents innocuously: a well-structured email, a surprisingly polished position statement or a confident summary of legal principles. In many instances, the intention is plainly to…

‘Political leaders could soon launch swarms of human-imitating AI agents to reshape public opinion in a way that threatens to undermine democracy, a high profile group of experts in AI and online misinformation has warned.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jan/22/experts-warn-of-threat-to-democracy-by-ai-bot-swarms-infesting-social-media

‘In recent years, a series of AI courses for journalists has emerged in response to the rapid adoption of AI technologies in newsrooms, their uneven market distribution, and news professionals’ desire to upskill. Consequently, these courses are becoming important sites where specific understandings of AI and journalistic practices are introduced, negotiated and legitimised. In this…

‘A UK project has the potential to help AI developers access the high-quality data they crave for training their models while ensuring content creators are fairly remunerated for that activity.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/creative-content-exchange-uk-ai-policy

‘Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly shaping various domains, yet their ability to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge. This study explores the extent to which LLMs can serve as judicial decision-makers by comparing their sentencing decisions to those of 123 retired judges on two fictional cases involving rape and violence. We evaluate…

‘As AI tools have proliferated in workplaces and pressure to use them has mounted, employees have had to contend with the scourge of workslop, or low-effort, AI-generated work that looks plausibly polished, but ends up wasting time and effort as it offloads cognitive work onto the recipient. For the person on the receiving end, it…

Open Access: https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/monograph?docid=b-9781350535824

‘As issues with the use of LLM generative AI in submissions in cases continue to arise, it is perhaps not surprising that the FTT(PC) appears to have had its share of such problems. What is perhaps more surprising is that it seems to have been largely on the part of landlord respondents, rather than leaseholder…

‘The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) has confirmed that from March 2026, most exams will return to in-person settings. Remote assessments will only be permitted in exceptional circumstances, such as medical needs or where no exam centre is available. This change reverses the flexibility introduced during the Covid-19 pandemic.’ Link: https://www.kingsleynapley.co.uk/insights/blogs/regulatory-blog/accountancy-regulators-confront-ai-cheating-in-exams

‘Civic institutions—the rule of law, universities, and a free press—are the backbone of democratic life. They are the mechanisms through which complex societies encourage cooperation and stability, while also adapting to changing circumstances. The real superpower of institutions is their ability to evolve and adapt within a hierarchy of authority and a framework for roles…

‘In the 2010’s, scholars had reached a consensus that the role of artificial intelligence in legal judgment was constrained by limitations inherent in machine learning and other forms of AI. AI could not reason by analogy, draw on a wider context, be sensitive to quickly shifting social norms, or effectively address algorithmic bias and opacity.…

‘This paper presents a strategic framework for librarians to ethically experiment with AI technologies, emphasizing data privacy and compliance. Developed through a consulting project, it categorizes library tasks based on frequency and data sharing needs, resulting in four AI experimentation strategies: Proactive Optimization, Controlled Experimentation, Opportunistic Experimentation, and Conservative Approach. Practical examples, like AI-assisted reference…

‘The unauthorised use of data in the training of generative AI models presents significant legal challenges, particularly under intellectual property (IP) and privacy laws. These frameworks frequently grapple with the intricate relationship between data ownership and AI innovation, resulting in ongoing debates regarding optimal protection and enforceability. This article delves into the considerable potential of…

‘Advances in AI and robotics will transform human jobs, starting with roles in warehouses and factories, the UK science minister has said, as the government announced plans to reduce red tape for robot and defence tech companies.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jan/16/ai-will-transform-the-human-job-and-enhance-skills-says-science-minister

‘Generative AI can draft, summarise, and reason through hard cases with an interpretive sensitivity that often seems recognisably human. Yet the same systems also produce errors that, if made by a human lawyer, would look like sabotage – most notably, hallucinating legal authority by fabricating cases, quotations, or doctrinal propositions. This essay explains that duality…

‘Without content strategy and governance, AI amplifies existing gaps in how people, processes and technology work together.’ Link: https://contentdesign.london/blog/ai-content-isnt-a-writing-problem-its-a-governance-problem

Includes discussion on the uuse of AI and/or inaccurate summaries of cases. Link: https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKFTT/TC/2026/41.html

‘Apart from what (little) OpenAI may be concealing from us, we all know (roughly) how Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT work (their vast text databases, statistics, vector representations, and huge number of parameters, next-word training, etc.). However, none of us can say (hand on heart) that we are not surprised by what ChatGPT has proved…

‘Manufacturers and content creators have been advised to follow the example of Games Workshop and adopt an internal policy on using AI in their operations.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/adopt-internal-ai-policy