‘The rapid expansion of generative artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping how cultural and knowledge resources are created, shared, and governed, exposing significant gaps in existing frameworks for understanding, protection, and oversight. While intellectual property regimes (IPRs) remain one of the primary mechanisms available to artists, creators, cultural workers, and Indigenous knowledge holders to protect their work, safeguard cultural heritage, and derive fair value from their contributions, they are increasingly strained by the scale, speed and opacity of AI systems, which often rely on vast amounts of data drawn from public, proprietary and traditional knowledge sources. At the same time.’