‘In Summer 2024 two European regulatory instruments in the context of the regulation of artificial intelligence were finalised almost simultaneously. The first was the well-known the EU Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (the so-called AI Act); the second the lesser known Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights,…

‘Judges are moving with the times and are now allowed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to help to prepare judgments. Guidance sent to all judges in England and Wales reveals that Copilot Chat, an artificial intelligence tool from Microsoft, is available on all judicial devices.’ Link: https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/judges-recruit-artificial-intelligence-copilot-g3kpzk07t

”When I sat down to write this article, I began by asking my favourite Generative AI model (which I shall refer to as “GenAI”) whether it was trained on copyright works. It gave a cagey response’When I sat down to write this article, I began by asking my favourite Generative AI model (which I shall…

‘The mainstream emergence of Chinese AI app DeepSeek is causing EU policymakers to consider changes to the EU AI Act, Out-Law can reveal.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/eu-ai-act-gpai-deepseek-review

‘Court rulings are among the most important documents in all legal systems. This article describes a study in which natural language processing is used for the automatic characterization of Spanish judgments that deal with the physical custody (joint or individual) of minors. The model was trained to identify a set of elements: the type of…

‘Lawmakers and administrative agencies around the globe are debating whether the use of copyrighted content for AI training does or should require the rights holder’s consent. This article examines legislation and policy debates in the U.S., Canada, the UK, the EU, Israel, China, Singapore, and Japan. Issues of control, compensation, transparency and legal certainty dominate…

‘Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used by UK government departments in various ways. This briefing paper gives some examples.’ Link: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10236/

‘The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb) has issued new guidelines on regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in international arbitration, highlighting the risks and compliance issues for alternative dispute resolution practitioners.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/ciarb-releases-new-guidelines-for-ai-use-in-international-arbitration

‘This article explores the limits and risks of using artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) as tools to expedite and streamline empirical legal research and content analysis of cases. It emphasises the current risks and limits of AI for enabling socio-legal research and case-based analysis, including a lack of reproducibility, bias, hallucinations and…

‘The global rush to AI technology will require almost as much energy by the end of this decade as Japan uses today, but only about half of the demand is likely to be met from renewable sources.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/apr/10/energy-demands-from-ai-datacentres-to-quadruple-by-2030-says-report

‘The widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies in border management throughout the European Union has significant human rights implications that extend beyond the commonly examined issues of privacy, non-discrimination and data protection. This article explores these overlooked impacts through three critical frameworks: the erosion of freedom of thought, the disempowerment of individuals and the politicization…

‘Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping industries and professions, and the bar is no exception. Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT offer barristers wide ranging helpful tools including for research, drafting, and case analysis. However, the use of AI where we have sensitive client data also raises ethical, regulatory, and professional concerns. Understanding…

‘This article considers the difficulties facing authors who claim their copyrighted works have been infringed by an artificial intelligence (AI) provider. In particular, it looks at the tension inherent between the extent of factual detail required by local rules of practice for initiating pleadings and the ‘black box’ nature of generative AI tools—notwithstanding mandatory reporting…

‘AI chatbots have many transformative uses but are known to incorporate bias. No literature has been found on using AI to generate ideas for library outreach to different student gender categories (women, men, and non-binary). We formulated prompts for Claude 2 and GPT-4 to generate library outreach ideas for these gender categories and discovered gender…

‘While designers of buildings are using artificial intelligence (AI) to make their work more efficient, the companies actually building them are only in the very early stages of AI use. And until the problem of design ‘explainability’ is solved, the use of AI in a safety critical industry is unlikely to change rapidly.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/ai-ubiquitous-infrastructure-explainability-solved

‘Shoosmiths today [2 April] laid claim to being the first law firm to link a business-wide bonus to the use of artificial intelligence by its workforce.  One million Microsoft Copilot prompts will unlock a £1m bonus pot for staff in its new financial year.’ Link: https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/shoosmiths-links-staff-bonus-to-use-of-artificial-intelligence/5122884.article

‘This study explores the AI literacy and familiarity of Library and Information Science (LIS) students across South Asia, specifically Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, and the Middle East, including Jordan, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. A total of 816 students participated in the quantitative study, the research examines key areas such as AI literacy and familiarity levels,…

‘The legal profession, traditionally known for its cautious approach to new technologies, is experiencing a significant shift with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). A recent survey conducted in February 2025 reveals that AI adoption among lawyers has seen a remarkable increase, with 46% of legal professionals using the technology for work and a further…

‘Writers will gather at the Facebook owner’s King’s Cross office in opposition to its use of the LibGen database to train its AI models.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/03/meta-has-stolen-books-authors-to-protest-in-london-against-ai-trained-using-shadow-library

‘This paper presents an original perspective on fault and responsibility for harms caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Scholarship on liability for AI harms highlights the difficulties that doctrines like negligence may encounter in attributing responsibility across complex AI value chains. Drawing on the theory of ‘system safety’, this paper argues that these difficulties can be diminished by…

‘In today’s era of technological advancement, creativity is no longer confined to the monopoly of human authors. As artificial intelligence (AI) emerges, it is now used to autonomously generate works similar or equal to those protected by copyright. While Australian copyright law has hitherto protected human-authored works, the advent of AI works raises questions about the application…

‘The UK government is trying to placate peer and Labour backbencher concerns about copyright proposals by pledging to assess the economic impact of its plans.’ Link: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/apr/02/uk-government-tries-to-placate-opponents-of-ai-copyright-bill

‘We hear from Nils Rauer on why most AI output should not attract copyright protection, and from Lucy Townley on new rights in the UK for unions to access physical or even digital workplaces.’ Link: https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/podcast-ai-output-copyright-protected-uk-union-workplace-access-rights

‘The EU AI Act seeks to balance the need for societal protection against the potential risks of AI systems, with the goal of fostering innovation. However, the Act’s ex-ante risk-based approach might lead to regulatory obsolescence (already materialised in 2021 with the spread of LLMs and the consequent reopening of the regulatory process), as well…