‘Once again, California is flexing its market power by taking bold and wide-ranging legislative action to regulate the use and deployment of artificial intelligence (“AI”) systems. In 2024, the California (“CA”) Legislature was particularly active in developing and passing dozens of AI-related bills that aim to impose wide-ranging obligations ranging from safety, consumer transparency measures, reporting requirements, clarification of privacy safeguards, protections for performers and deceased celebrities, and election integrity measures. The CA AI bills add to the growing patchwork of AI regulation in the United States, notably including President Biden’s Executive Order imposing safety and security standards for AI and the Colorado AI Act barring “algorithmic discrimination” against consumers based on protected characteristics in enumerated fields. Other states are almost certain to follow suit by replicating and building upon the CA AI bills. Absent comprehensive US federal preemptive regulation, developers and deployers of AI systems will operate in an increasing minefield of regulatory risk, underscoring challenges to ensure compliance.’